Structure of the Master's Thesis

The cover page

The cover page must include the following mandatory elements:

• the logo and the name of the institution;

• the title of the master's thesis;

• the author's full name (first name and last name);

• information about the supervisor (first name, last name, academic and scientific titles);

• the place and year of the thesis defense.

If the thesis is written in English, the cover page must also be written in the same language as the thesis.

The title page

The title page must be completed in the language of presentation of the thesis, and also in Romanian for theses written in other languages.
The title page must include the following elements:

• the name of the supervising ministry;

• the name of the institution;

• the name of the faculty and the department administering the master's program;

• the admission approval for defense issued by the head of the department (with a reserved space for the signature);

• the title of the master's thesis;

• the mention "Master's Thesis";

• the author's full name (first name and last name) and the academic group;

• information about the supervisor (first name, last name, academic and scientific titles);

• information about the consultants and reviewer (first name, last name, academic and scientific titles) — if applicable;

• the place and year of the master's thesis defense.

If the thesis is written in English, the title page must also be written in the same language as the thesis.

The dedication and acknowledgments page

The dedication and acknowledgments page (optional) is not numbered but is included in the total page count.

The student's declaration

The student's declaration is the page where the handwritten text must be included.

This page is not numbered but is included in the total page count.

If the thesis is written in English, the declaration must also be written in the same language as the thesis.

Student's Declaration

I, the undersigned ____________, declare on my own responsibility that this work is the result of my own efforts, based on my own research and the information obtained from sources that have been cited and indicated according to ethical norms in the notes and bibliography. I declare that the work has not been previously presented in this form at any higher education institution for obtaining the Master of Engineering Degree.

Author's signature ___________

The supervisor’s approval

The supervisor’s approval for the master's thesis is completed by the supervisor using the provided template form.
This page (or pages) is not numbered but is included in the total page count.

The abstract (annotation)

The abstract (annotation) provides a concise presentation of the thesis, offering information about the study conducted and serving for the indexing of the thesis.

The abstract must include the author's full name (first name and last name), the title of the master's thesis, the structure of the thesis, and the keywords (up to five keywords, listed separately on a single line).

The content of the abstract should follow this sequence: the research problem, the objectives or hypotheses, the methods applied in the research, and the specific results obtained.

The text of the abstract must be between 300 and 500 words and must be presented in two languages: Romanian and one international language (English or French).

Students who write their thesis in a language other than Romanian must present the abstract in the original language, Romanian, and one international language.

These pages are not numbered but are included in the total page count.

The table of contents

The table of contents must accurately reflect the structure of the thesis, clearly indicating the page number where each component can be found: the introduction, content levels (chapters, sections, etc.), conclusions, bibliography, and annexes.

The List of Tables, the List of Figures, Charts, Diagrams, and Schemes, and the List of Abbreviations

The List of Tables, the List of Figures, Charts, Diagrams, and Schemes, and the List of Abbreviations (optional) must be included in the table of contents and are counted in the total page count.

The introduction

The introduction serves to inform the reader or evaluator about the content and objectives of the thesis.

In this part of the thesis, the following aspects must be briefly presented: the general objectives of the work, the research methodology used, the student's scientific approach, and the results obtained.
Essentially, through the introduction, the author must answer the question: What is the problem being studied?
Thus, in the introduction, as a response to this question, the relevance and importance of the chosen topic must be indicated. The nature of the problem must be explained, and its formulation represents the most important aspect of the introduction. The research methods and materials used must be mentioned, and the thesis must be briefly outlined, emphasizing the connection between its different components.

The length of the introduction should not exceed two pages.

The content of the thesis

The content of the thesis must be structured into chapters, sections, and subsections arranged in a logical sequence, ensuring the connection between the different parts.
The number of units (chapters/sections/subsections) should not be excessive (typically between three and five chapters), and the division into units must not be arbitrary but must consistently reflect the content of the chosen topic.

The title of each structural unit must clearly reflect its content.
It is recommended that each chapter concludes with a summary of findings (chapter conclusions).

The content of the thesis must fully correlate with the stated topic and must also be reflected in the table of contents.

For the purpose of logical and coherent presentation, the following structure is recommended:

• Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

• Applied Framework

Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
(Analysis of the situation in the field addressed in the thesis, methodology, and objectives of the study/research conducted)

This section presents the current state of knowledge in the field, identifying aspects necessary for defining the problem and the solutions formulated in the thesis.
It includes an in-depth analysis of specialized literature, scientific materials, and relevant legislation related to the topic: articles, monographs, patents, etc., published both nationally and internationally.

Special attention must be given to recent publications from the last few years.
Based on this study, a comparative analysis of the existing situation in the field must be presented, along with the formulation of the purpose and objectives of the thesis.
The selection and analysis of theoretical sources must support the formulation of the research hypotheses that will underlie the student’s own investigation.
It is important for the student to demonstrate the ability to integrate various theoretical contributions into thematic units related to the studied subject and to approach them critically and independently.

The volume of this section should represent 30–40% of the total thesis.

Applied Framework
(Practical solution of the problem addressed in the thesis)

This section, which may be composed of several chapters, investigates, analyzes, or tests the formulated hypotheses and provides justification for the author's own developments (algorithms, methods, devices, systems, paradigms, models, etc.).

The practical component of the master's thesis must contain one or more original applications developed by the author that address the thesis objectives and constitute the main weight of the work.

This section must present the results of practical implementations, describing relevant parameters (such as speed, reliability, etc.) and illustrating the potential applications of the developed solutions.
Given the specificity of each specialization, this chapter must reflect the author’s genuine contribution to the topic and demonstrate the ability to apply theoretical knowledge creatively.

It is recommended that each of these chapters also conclude with a summary of findings.

The volume of this section should represent 30–40% of the total thesis.

The conclusions

The conclusions present a concise summary of the main results obtained in the thesis. They may also mention any unresolved issues as well as proposals for potential future research directions related to the chosen topic.

It is also possible to include reflections on the difficulties encountered during the research, the potential weaknesses identified (which should be avoided in future research), and opportunities for further exploration of the subject.

This chapter may contain a distinct paragraph dedicated to the personal contribution, highlighting the most significant aspects that represent the author's individual input in the realization of the thesis.
If applicable, a separate paragraph can also be included to specify the original contributions, referring to elements that introduce novelty in relation to the studied topic.

The bibliography

The bibliography contains the list of all information sources used by the author in the development of the master's thesis.
The credibility of a thesis is closely linked to the quality of the bibliographic references, which reflect how well-informed and knowledgeable the author is regarding the relevance and necessity of the presented work.
Thus, a thesis will demonstrate high credibility if it is based on real and authentic references, with a significant proportion of scientific articles.

It is recommended that the bibliography list consist of 15 to 30 titles, with 80% of the sources belonging to the first two categories, and it should include:

• books and monographs;

• proceedings of specialized conferences;

• articles from scientific journals;

• doctoral theses, public reports;

• standards, norms, user guides;

• web pages;

• internal reports, etc.

The rules and examples for presenting bibliographic references and citing information resources must follow the SM ISO 690:2012 standard — Information and documentation. Rules for the presentation of bibliographic references and citation of information resources, approved by the Institute for Standardization of Moldova.

Bibliographic references must be presented in a numerical sequence, corresponding to the order of citations in the text.
Citations, consisting of the short form of the reference inserted in the text within square brackets, allow for the identification of the source publication from which the quotation or idea was extracted, and the localization within the original source.

Numbers, presented as indices within square brackets and inserted in the text, refer to documents in the order in which they are first cited. Subsequent citations of the same source must use the same number as the initial citation.
If only specific parts of a document are cited, the page number should be indicated after the citation number, for example [8, p. 231].

The bibliography in the thesis must be compiled using the Zotero application, specifically in the IEEE citation style.

GUIDE FOR USING ZOTERO

Annexes

Annexes (if applicable)

Annexes include information that is not immediately necessary within the main text of the thesis for understanding its content, or information that, if inserted into the text, would disrupt the logical flow of ideas.

Annexes may include listings of developed programs, program algorithms, block diagrams, principle and functional diagrams of various formats, geographical and topographical maps with different representations according to the needs of the thesis, systematizations of results presented in tables, and other relevant supplementary materials.

There is no limitation on the volume of annexes.
Each annex must begin on a new page.